Wayang
Puppet has a very long time known by the people Indonesia on time Islam into Indonesia, at that time among the nine guardians introduce puppet. One of the nation's top arts and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among the many works of other cultures. Culture puppets include acting, sound art, music, art said, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and also art omen. Culture of puppets, which continues to grow from age to age, is also the medium of light advertisement,, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.
According to research by historians of culture, culture is a culture of wayang native to Indonesia, particularly in Java. The presence of centuries-old puppet before the Hindu religion into the island of Java. Although a popular puppet story in today's society is an adaptation of the works of Indian literature, namely the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The second story in the puppet master undergone many changes and additions to adapt them to the original philosophy of Indonesia.
Adjustment of the concept of philosophy is also concerned at the Java community a philosophical view of the position of the gods in the puppet. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but as God's other creatures, sometimes act wrongly, and can be a blunder. The presence of puppet characters panakawan to deliberately created the humanists Indonesia (Java humanists precisely) to make strengthening the concept of philosophy that in this world there is no creature that is really good, and truly evil. Each creature has always holds an element of good and evil.
In his dissertation entitled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), the Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau demonstrate his belief that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding the puppet in the dissertation of Dr.. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (skin-carved) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the puppet in question certainly is a Wayang Kulit as we know it today.
Origins of Wayang Kulit
There are two opinions about the origins puppet. First, the opinion that the puppet was first originated and was born on the island of Java, precisely in East Java. This opinion is in addition to adopted and raised by researchers and experts in the nation of Indonesia, also the result of research of Western scholars. Among Western scholars belonging to this group, is Hazeau, Brandes, Kats, Rentse, and Kruyt.
The reason they are strong enough. Among other things, that the art of puppet is still very closely related to sociocultural and religious nation state of Indonesia, especially the Javanese. Panakawan, the most significant figures in the wayang, which Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, there are only wayang in Indonesia, and not in other countries. In addition, names and technical terms wayangt shows, it all comes from the Javanese (Kuna), and not other languages.Meanwhile, a second opinion suspected puppets from India, who brought along with the Hindu religion to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Much of this second group is the British scholar, the European country which had colonized India.However, since the 1950's, books puppets as if they had agreed that it originated from Java, and not imported from other countries. Culture puppet thought to have born in Indonesia at least during the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), when the kingdom in East Java was his prosperous-affluent. Literary works are the subject of the wayang stories have been written by poets Indonesia, since the X century Among other things, the script-language literature Kakawin Book of Old Javanese Ramayana written in the reign of Dyah Balitung (989-910), which is a recomposition of the Book of the Ramayana written by poet In him, Valmiki.
Furthermore, the poets of Java is no longer simply translating the Ramayana and the Mahabharata into Old Javanese language, but it is composed and retelling by incorporating into it the philosophy of Java. For example, works of professor Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakawin, which is a composition which central on the Book of Mahabharata. Composed by other, more tangible difference between the original story with In her version, is a master work of Baratayuda Kakawin Panuluh Sedah and professor. This great work done during the reign of King Jayabaya, the king of Kediri (1130-1160).
Wayang as a performance and spectacle had been started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions are made at that time, among others already mentioned the words "mawa a 'and` ringgit' that the intention is a puppet show.
Birth of Wayang Kulit
About the birth culture of puppets, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his Symbolism and Mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimate the puppet has existed since the time of Neolithikum, ie approximately 1,500 years before Christ. His opinion was based on the writings Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph. D, Prehis toric Research in the Netherland Indies (1945) and Prof. writing. K.A.H. Hidding in Indonesia worth Encyclopedia page 987. The word `puppet 'probably derived from the word` wewa shadow', which means shadow. This assumption is in accordance with the reality on the Wayang Kulit performances are using a screen, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays the puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. Viewers only saw puppet movements through the shadows falling on the screen. At that time the wayang accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consist of saron, Todung (a type of flute), and kemanak. Other types of gamelan and singer at that time believed there was still no. For more menjawakan puppet culture, since the early days of the Majapahit Kingdom introduced another puppet story that does not berinduk on the Book of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.Since then the story - Panji stories, the stories about the ancestors of the kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one of the other puppet forms. Panji stories are then more widely used to show the Wayang Beber. The tradition of wayang stories menjawakan also forwarded by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began Majapahit kings story, among them the story Damarwulan. Introduction of Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century also gave a major influence on the culture of puppets, especially the religious concept of the puppet's philosophy. At the beginning of the 15th century, namely the time of the Kingdom of Demak, began to use specially-shaped oil lamps called blencong on Wayang Kulit performances.Since the days of Kartasura, composing stories wayangt in Ramayana and Mahabharata centrally farther away from the original. Since the days that people know the genealogy enthusiast puppet characters, including characters god, who started from Prophet Adam. Sisilah it continued to arrive at the kings of Java. And furthermore, also known as the story began to grip puppet. the appropriate standard of stories, puppets and stories carangan beyond the standard line. Additionally there's more drama called splinter, which was too far out of the story grip.Indeed, because so strong puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana actually happened in his country, a Javanese wayang story even consider actually happened on the island of Java.
Puppet has a very long time known by the people Indonesia on time Islam into Indonesia, at that time among the nine guardians introduce puppet. One of the nation's top arts and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among the many works of other cultures. Culture puppets include acting, sound art, music, art said, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and also art omen. Culture of puppets, which continues to grow from age to age, is also the medium of light advertisement,, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.
Adjustment of the concept of philosophy is also concerned at the Java community a philosophical view of the position of the gods in the puppet. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but as God's other creatures, sometimes act wrongly, and can be a blunder. The presence of puppet characters panakawan to deliberately created the humanists Indonesia (Java humanists precisely) to make strengthening the concept of philosophy that in this world there is no creature that is really good, and truly evil. Each creature has always holds an element of good and evil.
In his dissertation entitled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), the Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau demonstrate his belief that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding the puppet in the dissertation of Dr.. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (skin-carved) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the puppet in question certainly is a Wayang Kulit as we know it today.
There are two opinions about the origins puppet. First, the opinion that the puppet was first originated and was born on the island of Java, precisely in East Java. This opinion is in addition to adopted and raised by researchers and experts in the nation of Indonesia, also the result of research of Western scholars. Among Western scholars belonging to this group, is Hazeau, Brandes, Kats, Rentse, and Kruyt.
The reason they are strong enough. Among other things, that the art of puppet is still very closely related to sociocultural and religious nation state of Indonesia, especially the Javanese. Panakawan, the most significant figures in the wayang, which Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, there are only wayang in Indonesia, and not in other countries. In addition, names and technical terms wayangt shows, it all comes from the Javanese (Kuna), and not other languages.Meanwhile, a second opinion suspected puppets from India, who brought along with the Hindu religion to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Much of this second group is the British scholar, the European country which had colonized India.However, since the 1950's, books puppets as if they had agreed that it originated from Java, and not imported from other countries. Culture puppet thought to have born in Indonesia at least during the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), when the kingdom in East Java was his prosperous-affluent. Literary works are the subject of the wayang stories have been written by poets Indonesia, since the X century Among other things, the script-language literature Kakawin Book of Old Javanese Ramayana written in the reign of Dyah Balitung (989-910), which is a recomposition of the Book of the Ramayana written by poet In him, Valmiki.
Furthermore, the poets of Java is no longer simply translating the Ramayana and the Mahabharata into Old Javanese language, but it is composed and retelling by incorporating into it the philosophy of Java. For example, works of professor Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakawin, which is a composition which central on the Book of Mahabharata. Composed by other, more tangible difference between the original story with In her version, is a master work of Baratayuda Kakawin Panuluh Sedah and professor. This great work done during the reign of King Jayabaya, the king of Kediri (1130-1160).
Wayang as a performance and spectacle had been started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions are made at that time, among others already mentioned the words "mawa a 'and` ringgit' that the intention is a puppet show.
Birth of Wayang Kulit
About the birth culture of puppets, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his Symbolism and Mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimate the puppet has existed since the time of Neolithikum, ie approximately 1,500 years before Christ. His opinion was based on the writings Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph. D, Prehis toric Research in the Netherland Indies (1945) and Prof. writing. K.A.H. Hidding in Indonesia worth Encyclopedia page 987. The word `puppet 'probably derived from the word` wewa shadow', which means shadow. This assumption is in accordance with the reality on the Wayang Kulit performances are using a screen, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays the puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. Viewers only saw puppet movements through the shadows falling on the screen. At that time the wayang accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consist of saron, Todung (a type of flute), and kemanak. Other types of gamelan and singer at that time believed there was still no. For more menjawakan puppet culture, since the early days of the Majapahit Kingdom introduced another puppet story that does not berinduk on the Book of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.Since then the story - Panji stories, the stories about the ancestors of the kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one of the other puppet forms. Panji stories are then more widely used to show the Wayang Beber. The tradition of wayang stories menjawakan also forwarded by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began Majapahit kings story, among them the story Damarwulan. Introduction of Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century also gave a major influence on the culture of puppets, especially the religious concept of the puppet's philosophy. At the beginning of the 15th century, namely the time of the Kingdom of Demak, began to use specially-shaped oil lamps called blencong on Wayang Kulit performances.Since the days of Kartasura, composing stories wayangt in Ramayana and Mahabharata centrally farther away from the original. Since the days that people know the genealogy enthusiast puppet characters, including characters god, who started from Prophet Adam. Sisilah it continued to arrive at the kings of Java. And furthermore, also known as the story began to grip puppet. the appropriate standard of stories, puppets and stories carangan beyond the standard line. Additionally there's more drama called splinter, which was too far out of the story grip.Indeed, because so strong puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana actually happened in his country, a Javanese wayang story even consider actually happened on the island of Java.
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